The Socio-Economic Role of Muhammadiyah's Health Network in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32506/77cw6206Keywords:
Muhammadiyah, faith-based healthcare, social welfare, socio-economic role, public healt, social protection, Islamic philanthropy, IndonesiaAbstract
This article examines the socio-economic role of Muhammadiyah's faith-based healthcare network in advancing public health and social welfare in Indonesia, tracing its development from the early Penolong Kesengsaraan Oemoem (PKO) initiative to the network operating by 2022. It uses qualitative historical-institutional document analysis rather than a systematic literature review, drawing on organizational records, policy documents, institutional histories, and selected scholarly studies published no later than 2022. The findings show that Muhammadiyah transformed al-Ma'un-inspired charity into durable health infrastructure through decentralized replication, professional management, partnerships with medical education, participation in national health insurance, and networked emergency response. Its socio-economic contribution extends beyond inpatient treatment to healthcare access, financial protection, workforce development, health promotion, tuberculosis control, disaster medicine, research, and pandemic management. The COVID-19 crisis demonstrated the value of distributed facilities, social capital, and religious legitimacy, while also exposing uneven infection-control capacity, fragmented information systems, and dependence on hospital-centered curative care. The article argues that Muhammadiyah's future contribution to social welfare depends less on expanding hospital numbers than on integrating hospitals, clinics, universities, community programs, and shared data into an accountable, equitable, and population-oriented health system.
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