Institutionalizing Ideology and Leadership: Baitul Arqam, Darul Arqam, and Cadre Formation in Muhammadiyah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32506/yrp93h13Keywords:
Baitul Arqam, Darul Arqam, cadre formation, Muhammadiyah, organizational socializationAbstract
This article examines Baitul Arqam and Darul Arqam as institutional mechanisms of cadre formation in Muhammadiyah. Using qualitative document-based and institutional-pedagogical analysis, it interprets official cadre-system guidelines and selected empirical studies published no later than 2021. The analysis focuses on program purposes, participant positioning, curriculum, residential and communal pedagogy, instructor authority, evaluation, and post-training continuity. The findings show that both programs translate Muhammadiyah's religious ideology into organized learning, but they operate at different levels of intensity. Darul Arqam is designed as a more comprehensive formation process combining ideological consolidation, leadership preparation, organizational competence, and disciplined communal practice. Baitul Arqam functions as a shorter and more adaptable format for leaders, employees, lecturers, students, and members of Muhammadiyah institutions. Empirical studies generally report improved understanding, commitment, morality, or participation; however, most rely on short-term evaluation, self-report, attendance, and immediate cognitive measures. The article argues that episodic training cannot by itself produce durable cadres. Its effectiveness depends on selection, qualified instructors, institutional mentoring, task assignment, repeated participation, and evaluation of conduct after the program.
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