The Manhaj Tarjih of Muhammadiyah: A Methodological Systematic Review of Islamic Legal Reasoning
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32506/jaims.v2i1.955Keywords:
Manhaj Tarjih, Muhammadiyah, Islamic legal reasoning, ijtihad, bayani, burhani, irfani, maqasid al-shariahAbstract
This article systematically reviews the methodological structure of Manhaj Tarjih, the system used by Muhammadiyah to formulate Islamic legal and religious judgments. Drawing on sixteen analytical sources published no later than 2020, including official decisions, jurisprudential books, journal articles, and applied fiqh documents, the review examines how tarjih developed from the selection of stronger opinions into a comprehensive form of collective ijtihad. The synthesis identifies six connected layers: a methodological outlook characterized by tajdid, openness, tolerance, non-affiliation to a single legal school, and collective deliberation; normative reliance on the Qur'an and Sunnah al-Maqbulah; spiral integration of bayani, burhani, and irfani approaches; the use of semantic, causal, and public-interest methods; operational techniques such as qiyas, maslahah mursalah, 'urf, reconciliation, preference, abrogation, and suspension of judgment; and institutional procedures that transform research and expert consultation into rulings, fatwas, and practical guidance. The findings show that Manhaj Tarjih is neither an anti-madhhab textualism nor an unrestricted contextualism. It is a layered legal-reasoning system that seeks to preserve scriptural authority while incorporating scientific knowledge, social reality, maqasid al-shari'ah, and ethical conscience. Applied works on the Islamic calendar, disaster management, water governance, and traffic ethics demonstrate its capacity to move beyond ritual questions toward complex public problems. However, the literature also reveals terminological overlap between approach, method, and technique; uneven operationalization of the irfani dimension; limited publication of deliberative evidence; and a gap between formal methodology and reproducible case analysis. The review contributes an integrative architecture for understanding Manhaj Tarjih as epistemic governance for collective Islamic legal reasoning.Manhaj Tarjih
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